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Background: The aims of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and to characteristics of a scale on research skills as well as to characterize the experience of university thesis students using information databases (i.e., Scopus or Web of Science) and bibliographic reference managers. Methods: A sample of 1598 university students from five departments, acroos the different campuses of one Peruvian university. The psychometric properties of the instrument were evaluated using factor analysis and measurement invariance according to sex and age groups. In addition, an internal consistency analysis was conducted for scale reliability using Cronbach's alpha, ordinal alpha, and the omega index. Results: Our study identified that the unidimensional model with correlated errors showed adequate indicators of reliability and goodness of fit, with the exception of the RMSEA, which shows values higher than 0.08. Measurement invariance by sex and age group was present. The majority of university students in E-learning showed use of the bibliographic manager Mendeley (52.13%), low ability to use information databases such as Scopus (22.24%) or Web of Science (17.26%), and the least skilled research skills were in formulating the problem, objectives, and hypotheses (51.63%) and carrying out data analysis and processing using statistical techniques (49.37%). Conclusions: The conclusions of the study were that the 8-item research skills instrument presents acceptable psychometric indicators in Peruvian university students in thesis courses. Likewise, a scarce use of global databases, the approach to the research topic, and carrying out its statistical processing.
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BACKGROUND: Schools are increasingly experiencing physical, psychological, and sexual violence, which impacts students' academic achievement and physical and emotional health. Our objective was to identify regional prevalence rates, average prevalence by aggressor type, and provincial spatial conglomerates with higher rates for each type of school violence reported in educational settings in Peru during 2019. METHODS: An analysis was made of 12,132 cases reported through Peru's Specialized School Violence System (SíseVe). The Moran indices were calculated using provincial prevalence rates to identify conglomerates with high prevalence. RESULTS: In the coast region, the Department of Tacna reported the highest prevalence rates for physical (99.7) and psychological (107); the Department of Amazonas, which is in the jungle, reported the highest prevalence rate for sexual violence (74.6), with teachers in public schools accounting for the majority of sexual assaults against students (56%). CONCLUSIONS: Sexual violence predominated in the jungle zone, with a significant percentage of teachers participating in violence with sexual connotations. Physical and psychological violence prevailed in the coastal region.
Assuntos
Instituições Acadêmicas , Violência , Humanos , Violência/psicologia , Estudantes/psicologia , Escolaridade , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: School violence and bullying are prevalent problems that affect health in general, especially through the development of emotional and behavioral problems, and can result in the deterioration of the academic performance of the student victim. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence rates of aggressive behaviors according to types of school violence and bullying, sociodemographic characteristics, and variation by department, region, and time in the period between 2014 and 2018 in Peru. METHODS: The design was observational and cross-sectional based on data from the Specialized System for Reporting Cases of School Violence (Sistema Especializado en Reporte de Casos sobre Violencia Escolar-SíseVe) in Peru, which covers a population of 23,641 students at the initial, primary, and secondary levels of Basic Regular Education [Educación Básica Regular (EBR)], for the 2014-2018 period. The prevalence rates of the different types of school violence and bullying, the sociodemographic characteristics, and the variation by department, region, and time in the period between 2014 and 2018 were estimated. RESULTS: Psychological violence/bullying occurred at higher prevalence rates (185.8 and 62.6 per 100,000 residents). Women from public institutions reported greater sexual violence, mostly by teachers (67.8%) than by other students (32.2%). The Selva region had the highest prevalence rate of sexual violence (10.1 per 100,000 residents). The departments of Tacna and Piura had the highest and lowest rates of psychological/verbal violence and bullying in 2018 (95.79 and 25.31 per 100,000 residents). CONCLUSION: Psychological/verbal violence and bullying is highly prevalent among students; women report being victims of sexual violence by administrative personnel of public institutions. The Selva region had the highest rate of sexual violence, and Piura and Tacna had the highest and lowest rates of violence and psychological/verbal bullying. Based on these results, it is suggested to conduct evidence-based prevention programs in Peruvian schools to reduce these social problems.
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School kiosks are spaces where food is provided to preschool and school-age students. Sanitary control of products can help curb and reduce obesity in this study population. We determined compliance and regularity of the evaluation of school kiosks in general and by Regular Elementary Education Institutions in an area of Peru. We performed a secondary cross-sectional analysis of the database of biannual evaluations of school kiosks conducted by the North Pacific Health Network. The main response variables were (a) level of compliance, categorized in Initial (I), In-Process (P), Healthy Kiosk (KS), and Outstanding Healthy Kiosk (KSD). We assigned values from 1 = I to 4 = KSD and assessed the regularity of assessment (schools visited in either semester 1 or 2 or visited in both semesters). The study population consisted of 31 (47.7%) schools out of a total of 65. KS level was reached by 29.1% of the preschool facilities, while 40% of kindergarten/elementary kiosks reached the KS level. Regarding regularity of assessments, 54.8% of kiosks were evaluated in both semesters. All strategic actors of the Ministry of Health and Education must become involved in promoting and facilitating the attainment of the health goals by increasing the number of healthy or featured school kiosks.
Los kioscos escolares son espacios donde se ofrecen alimentos a los alumnos de los niveles preescolar y escolar. Un control sanitario y de productos ofertados puede ayudar a controlar y reducir el riesgo de sobrepeso y obesidad en esta población de estudio. Se determinó el nivel de logro y cumplimento en la periodicidad de la evaluación de los kioscos escolares en general, y por tipo de Instituciones de Educación Básica Regular en una zona de Perú. Se realizó un análisis secundario de corte transversal de la base de datos de evaluaciones semestrales del nivel de logro de los kioscos escolares de las Instituciones de Educación Básica Regular efectuadas por la Red de Salud Pacífico Norte. Las principales variables fueron: nivel de logro, categorizado en inicio (I), proceso (P), kiosco saludable (KS) y kiosco saludable destacado (KSD). Se asignaron valores de 1 = I hasta 4 = KSD y periodicidad de evaluación, caracterizada en (i) semestre 1 o 2, que fueron visitados entre enero y junio o julio y diciembre, y (ii) semestre 1 y 2, que fueron visitados en ambos semestres. Se evaluó a los kioscos de 31 colegios de un total de 65 Instituciones de Educación Básica Regular (47,7%). El 29,1% de las Instituciones de Educación Básica Regular alcanzó el nivel de kiosco saludable. Mientras que el 40% de los kioscos de establecimientos de educación inicial y primaria llegaron al nivel de kiosco saludable. En relación con la periodicidad de evaluación, el 54,8% de kioscos fueron evaluados en ambos semestres. Es necesario que todos los actores estratégicos de los Ministerios de Salud y Educación se involucren para el logro de los objetivos de la directiva sanitaria, a fin de aumentar el porcentaje de kioscos escolares saludables y/o kioscos escolares saludables destacados.
